The 100 best Bollywood movies

Director: Priyadarshan

Cast: Akshay Kumar, Sunil Shetty, Paresh Rawal

Genre: comedy, drama, musical

In this popular comedy of errors, a nonsensical plot about a botched kidnapping and phone calls going to the wrong number is balanced by some fine acting from lead actors Kumar, Shetty and Rawal. The latter became an overnight star on the back of this Priyadarshan-directed feature for his portrayal of Baburao, a naïve, alcoholic garage owner, who rents his home out to two young boys. Hera Pheri is still enjoyable even after repeat viewings and its legacy can still be felt with the unforgettable characters and quotable dialogue.

The big scene 
While demanding ransom from the wealthy grandfather of an abducted girl, Baburao makes a rough calculation of all his daily expenses and asks for ‘paune bara’ (Rs11.75 lakh, or about £12,000).

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra

Cast: Farhan Akhtar, Sonam Kapoor

Genre: biopic, drama, sports

Milkha Singh – known as The Flying Sikh – was a world-champion Olympian in the 1950s and 1960s, who infamously lost the most important race of his life, losing out on a medal in the 1960 Rome Olympics. Bhaag Milkha Bhaag is the quintessential sports biopic charting his journey as one of India’s greatest runners, and how he overcame personal demons related to witnessing the massacre of his family during India’s partition. The film’s success comes from its strong attention to detail, a committed and physically demanding performance by Farhan Akhtar, and an inspiring fact-based story.

The big scene
When amateur runner Milkha is stripped and bullied for trying on the ‘India’ team jacket, which is only worn by champions, and then goes on to beat his opponents in a subsequent race.

Shai Hussain

Director: Kiran Rao

Cast: Aamir Khan, Monica Dogra, Prateik Babbar

Genre: romance, drama, musical

Kiran Rao broke into filmmaking with this urban fable about five characters, the fifth being the sprawling city of Mumbai itself. (It was alternatively released as Mumbai Diaries.) Arun (Khan) is a reclusive painter who moves into a new apartment and finds video diaries left by the previous tenant, Yasmin (Kriti Malhotra). Shai (Dogra) is a photographer who befriends Munna (Babbar), a slum boy who hopes to break into Bollywood. Tushar Kanti Ray’s cinematography and The Last of Us composer Gustavo Santaolalla’s background score beautifully complement this story about different classes of people co-existing in a metropolitan city. 

The big scene
While Shai heads out with her camera in the middle of the night, she spots Munna, who moonlights as a rat killer. Embarrassed about being found out by Shai, Munna flees.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Shakti Samanta

Cast: Rajesh Khanna, Asha Parekh, Prem Chopra

Genre: romance, musical, drama

Inspired by the Hollywood weepie ‘No Man of Her Own’ (1950), Shakti Samanta’s film addresses the still-taboo theme of widows remarrying. The film goes out of its way to proclaim the untainted virgin status of its female lead, as Madhu (Parekh) only pretends to be a widow in order to assume a new identity. Complications follow when she is attracted to her ‘dead’ husband’s best mate (Khanna). The real superstar of this melodramatic film is RD Burman’s classic score: every track remains popular to this day.

The big scene
The first 15 minutes include an escape from an arranged marriage, a romantic betrayal, a death, a reunion and a fatal train crash.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Anurag Kashyap

Cast: Aditya Srivastava, Kay Kay Menon, Pavan Malhotra

Genre: drama, thriller

Long before director Anurag Kashyap broke on to the international scene with films like 2012’s ‘Gangs of Wasseypur’, he struggled to release this controversial real-life drama about the infamous 1993 bomb blasts in Mumbai – arguably his best film to date. Kashyap stuck to investigative journalist Hussain Zaidi’s version of the planning, execution and aftermath of the explosions and extracted great performances from his ensemble cast. ‘Black Friday’ is a rare thing: an engaging Hindi film based on a true story.

The big scene
Kashyap shot one of the best chase sequences on film when a suspect runs from policemen in the Dharavi slum. The six-minute scene is said to have inspired Danny Boyle when he made ‘Slumdog Millionaire’.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Anurag Kashyap

Cast: Manoj Bajpai, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Richa Chadda

Genre: action, thriller

Martin Scorsese, one of director Anurag Kashyap’s cinematic idols, loved the Gangs of Wasseypur duology so much that he penned a letter expressing his admiration. But you don’t need the Goodfellas maestro’s approval to watch this bloody, brutal and visually arresting film which became nothing short of a phenomenon in India. The drama revolves around two feuding families and a coal-mining racket. Menacing mafia don Sardar Khan (Bajpai) and his Bollywood-loving stoner son Faizal (Siddiqui), are both compelling screen presences. Kashyap subverts Bollywood’s tradition of shooting airbrushed heroes and heroines in pristine locations and instead gets to the gritty nooks and crannies of the titular town. Intended as a 321-minute crime epic, Kashyap eventually divided the narrative into two companion movies. 

The big scene 
Sardar Khan’s pregnant, nonchalant wife Nagma (Chadda) finds him in a brothel and pulls out a knife – the sight of the terrifying hard man cowering and fleeing is comedic gold.

Rahul Verma

Director: Mahesh Bhatt

Cast: Kulbhushan Kharbanda, Shabana Azmi, Smita Patil

Genre: romance, drama

Mahesh Bhatt’s breakout film was partly inspired by his own turbulent love life, giving the semi-autobiographical drama a sense of intimacy still rare in Hindi cinema. Pooja (Azmi) finds the bubble of her happy marriage starting to burst when she discovers that her filmmaker husband, Inder (Kharbanda), is having an affair with actress Kavita (Patil). Pooja’s search for her own independence leads her to many revelations, while Inder is ultimately left in solitude.

The big scene
An intoxicated Pooja and Kavita finally meet in person, and chauvinist Inder has no option but to see exactly what’s unfurling in his life as Arth takes a feminist turn.

Varun Grover

Director: Sanjay Gadhvi

Cast: Abhishek Bachchan, Uday Chopra, John Abraham

Genre: action

Bollywood’s most successful modern franchise features stylish villains on the run from a lovable yet inept duo: policeman Dixit (Bachchan) and Ali (Chopra), a streetsmart thief who becomes an unexpected ally. But the biggest oomph factor comes from the suave villain Kabir (Abraham), the head of a motorbike gang. The series is heavily defined by its action set pieces and owes a big debt to the likes of The Fast and the Furious and Ocean’s Eleven. But on its own, Dhoom made bike riding cool for an entire generation of Indians.

The big scene 
The bike-chase scene, with the heroic duo jumping over a moving train while dodging a barrage of bullets.

Ashanti Omkar

Director: Sujoy Ghosh

Cast: Vidya Balan, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Parambrata Chatterjee

Genre: thriller, drama

A heavily pregnant woman (Vidya Balan) arrives in Kolkata alone and goes straight to the police station. But why? So begins a shadowy quest to track down her missing husband and a gauntlet of police officers inclined to dismiss the worries of a pregnant woman. Slowly, director Sujoy Ghosh draws them – and us – into her web of secrets and lies, as the mission begins to morph into something more sinister. Ghosh expertly sows the culture of Kolkata deep into his thriller, so much so that the city becomes a character in the story and a much-needed ally for Vidya.

The big scene:
In the climax, as Vidya’s intentions are revealed and the cops give chase, she slips into a crowd of women in a parade. The women accept her without question and smear her face with the red powder to prevent her capture. 

Sahir Avik D’souza

Director: Abhinav Kashyap

Cast: Salman Khan, Sonakshi Sinha, Sonu Sood

Genre: action, drama, musical

Writer-director Abhinav Kashyap’s pulpy homage to 1970s Hindi cinema is an entertaining action movie that gave actor Salman Khan’s stardom a boost and revived the masala genre in a major way – for better or worse. Khan plays Chulbul Pandey, a charming yet corrupt cop in north India who hounds politicians and gangsters and refers to himself as ‘Robin Hood’ Pandey. There are plenty of plot holes, but the film rides on a breezy script with some self-aware humour, Khan’s charm and well-choreographed action scenes.

The big scene 
The musical number ‘Munni Badnaam Hui’ (‘Munni was defamed’) brought back the ‘item song’ trope, a crude term to describe a song featuring scantily dressed women. It’s not Dabangg’s proudest moment, but its impact on Bollywood music of that decade can’t be denied.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Sanjay Leela Bhansali

Cast: Rani Mukerji, Amitabh Bachchan

Genre: drama

This emotional drama, centred on a deaf-mute woman, Michelle (Mukerji), and her educational struggles, was loosely inspired by the real story of Helen Keller and her teacher Anne Sullivan. Like most films directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali (Devdas, Guzaarish), Black can be uncomfortably manipulative and awkward in its attempt to inspire. But there’s no denying that Bhansali conjures up gorgeous worlds. In the 2000s, strong heroines and stories of female ambition were still fairly rare in Hindi movies. It’s impossible not to cheer for the determined Michelle as she stumbles in the shadows.

The big scene 
Michelle gains her university degree and makes a rousing speech to the graduating class.

Beth Watkins

Director: Anubhav Sinha  

Cast: Taapsee Pannu, Dia Mirza, Ratna Pathak Shah, Manav Kaul, Pavail Gulati

Genre: drama  

‘Just a slap – but he can’t hit me,’ says a tremblingly defiant Amrita (Taapsee Pannu) in Thappad. A perfect housewife and daughter-in-law, she has found no reason to complain until in a sudden and uncharacteristic moment of stress her husband Vikram (Gulati) slaps her. It’s the first time he’s done this, but this one act opens Amrita’s eyes to the many tiny injustices of the life she’s been living. She asks for a divorce, and sticks by her decision even when she learns she is pregnant. This feminist drama tells Amrita’s story, but surrounds it with stories of the women around her – her mother, her mother-in-law, her neighbour, her lawyer, her neighbour’s daughter, her brother’s girlfriend – and their relationships with the men in their lives. Pannu’s stirring performance anchors it all.

The big scene:
Vikram asks their neighbour, a witness to the slap, to lie to the authorities and testify that he didn’t assault his wife. A widow, she fixes him with a beady look and mentions her beloved late husband. ‘I would like to believe men are wonderful people,’ she says, ‘so I will pretend I did not hear what you just said.’

Sahir Avik D’souza

Director: Shekhar Kapur

Cast: Seema Biswas

Genre: drama

The novelist Arundhati Roy rightfully criticised Shekhar Kapur’s version of the life of Phoolan Devi (Biswas) for simplifying the criminal-turned-politician’s experiences to fit a typical rape-revenge story. Devi was a bandit who was jailed for acts of revenge against people who abused her as a child and who later became a politician. But Bandit Queen remains a harrowing depiction of the inequalities of the caste system and sexism in rural north India. The film succeeds in making us all witnesses to its horrors – and complicit in them when, like so many of the characters, we say nothing.

The big scene 
Devi and her gang attack a wedding party in search of recompense for the horrors she suffered in her youth.

Beth Watkins

Director: Yash Chopra

Cast: Amitabh Bachchan, Rakhee Gulzar, Shashi Kapoor

Genre: romance, drama

Yash Chopra’s most romantic movie is a superior Bollywood soap dealing with intergenerational love, personal sacrifices and secrets and lies in the lives of two middle-class Delhi families. College sweethearts Amit (Bachchan) and Pooja (Gulzar) separate when Pooja announces that her parents have arranged her marriage to Vijay (Kapoor). Years later, the respective adults and their teenage kids meet… The film’s strong social messages – that the past is the past and that the younger generation will marry the partners of their choice – hold true today.

The big scene
If there is only one Bollywood soundtrack you ever listen to, it has to be this one, with the title track widely considered to be the best Bollywood song ever.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Vikramaditya Motwane

Cast: Rajat Barmecha, Sanjay Gandhi

Genre: drama

Coming-of-age dramas had existed in Bollywood before, but Udaan redefined the genre for a new age. After spending eight years at a boarding school, 16-year-old Rohan (Barmecha) is expelled and returns home to Jamshedpur to discover that his uptight father has remarried and been widowed a second time in his absence. Rohan also has a young step-brother he knew nothing about. He dreams of becoming a poet but is forced to work in the family business and later attend engineering school. Vikramaditya Motwane’s moving directorial debut offers a realistic setup, a universal story of teen angst and some superb, understated performances. 

The big scene
Rohan and his father jog together each morning. One day, Rohan finally out-runs his father, metaphorically and literally.

Shai Hussain

Director: Shyam Benegal

Cast: Karisma Kapoor, Rekha, Manoj Bajpayee

Genre: romance

The voice of Bollywood’s nightingale, Lata Mangeshkar, and the music of Oscar-winning composer AR Rahman (Slumdog Millionaire) sweep through this poignant period tale about Zubeida, the beautiful mistress to a king in Rajasthan. Karisma Kapoor plays the doe-eyed princess to perfection, and Khalid Mohamed, son of actress-turned-royal Zubeida Begum, wrote the script, based on the tragic life story of his own mother.

The big scene 
During a ritual at Zubeida’s first marriage, she runs away, saying she’s ‘not a bride but a goat about to be sacrificed’, before trying to shoot herself with her father’s pistol.

Ashanti Omkar

Director: Basu Bhattacharya

Cast: Raj Kapoor, Waheeda Rehman

Genre: romance

Bullock-cart driver Hiraman (Kapoor) takes a mysterious female passenger, Hirabai (Rehman), to a faraway fair. En route, they bond over some meaningful songs and food. She reveals that she is a dancer. They arrive at their destination and the villagers speculate that Hirabai may actually be a sex-worker. But Hiraman isn’t one to judge as he’s instantly smitten with Hirabai. A turbulent romance follows. Pure star power, melodic songs and scenic black-and-white cinematography of rural Bihar combine to sustain interest in this progressive culture-clash love story.

The big scene
The title translates as ‘three vows’, and it’s the final vow that brings on the tears.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Manmohan Desai

Cast: Amitabh Bachchan, Shatrughan Sinha, Rishi Kapoor

Genre: drama

Manmohan Desai’s star-filled film repeats his customary ‘lost and found’ formula of villains separating a young family who in adulthood reunite to seek revenge. Desai’s frequent use of two-second shots and close-ups whips the proceedings along. Like his earlier classic ‘Amar Akbar Anthony’ (1977), this is Bollywood kitsch at its best.

The big scene
The entire film is a series of highlights, including a boxing match, a glass mansion on fire and a climactic song with the three heroes and their girls dressed as characters including matadors, Cossacks and Chaplin.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Prakash Mehra

Cast: Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bhaduri, Ajit, Pran

Genre: action, drama

The action-packed ‘Zanjeer’ was an early masterpiece from the writing duo Salim-Javed, giving Amitabh Bachchan his first major role and cementing his ‘Angry Young Man’ status. It’s an unapologetically bitter and stylish revenge story about an honest cop, Vijay (Bachchan), who has been haunted since childhood by nightmares about his father’s murder by a stranger – but all that’s known about the killer is that he wore a bracelet with a white stallion charm. As an adult, Vijay’s path crosses the gangster responsible, Teja (Ajit), and the stage is set for a final showdown.

The big scene
Vijay’s first couple of interactions with Sher Khan (Pran), the goon with a golden heart, see the script hitting the sweet spot.

Varun Grover

Director: Vishal Bhardwaj

Cast: Ajay Devgn, Kareena Kapoor, Saif Ali Khan

Genre: drama

Vishal Bhardwaj’s modern ‘Othello’, set in northern India’s Uttar Pradesh, sidesteps Bollywood bombast and keeps its emotions in check. Bhardwaj extracts surprising performances from actors previously associated with more populist work: his cast display real torment and depth, particularly Saif Ali Khan as a deformed, scheming ‘Iago’ (called Langda here). ‘Omkara’ is one of Bhardwaj’s three adaptations of Shakespeare for Hindi cinema: 2003’s ‘Maqbool’ interpreted ‘Macbeth’, while 2014’s ‘Haider’ did the same for ‘Hamlet’.

The big scene
The climax when the fate of Omkara’s lover, Dolly (Kapoor) – falsely accused of having an affair – is finally sealed.

Beth Watkins

Director: Basu Chatterjee

Cast: Amol Palekar, Vidya Sinha, Ashok Kumar

Genre: romance, comedy, musical

An expert at depicting the urban middle class, director Basu Chatterjee’s protagonist in Chhoti Si Baat is once again a simple man (played to perfection by Palekar) faced with everyday problems and finding simple solutions to deal with them. Arun is an unconfident man who fantasises about wooing Prabha (Sinha). He is taken under the wing of a flamboyant colonel (Kumar), who helps young men overcome their insecurities. An adaptation of School for Scoundrels, the film is best remembered for portraying the culture of 1970s Bombay with quirky humour.

The big scene 
A montage of the colonel training Arun, and telling him that the world is divided between winners and losers. ‘In the cricket of life’, he says, ‘there’s no draw.’

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Vijay Anand

Cast: Dev Anand, Ashok Kumar, Vyjayanthimala, Tanuja

Genre: thriller

This spy thriller tells of Vinay (Anand), an ordinary young man with a striking resemblance to a jewel thief, Amar (also Anand). It’s three hours of decadence, with loose gems, fast women and a hero on the run. Its staying power comes not just from its extraordinary visual indulgences – the film is candy-coloured, classy and sexy – but also from a brilliant script that carefully reveals layer after layer and eventually turns one of Hindi cinema’s favourite tropes on its head. Almost 50 years later, watching the details unfold is still a breathtaking experience.

The big scene
The songs are all knockouts, but ‘Baithe Hain Kya Uske Paas’, with the actress Helen shimmying on a bar in feathers, zebra print and spangled red fishnets, proves that more is indeed more.

Beth Watkins

Director: Sanjay Leela Bhansali

Cast: Shah Rukh Khan, Aishwarya Rai, Madhuri Dixit, Jackie Shroff

Genre: drama, romance

Extravagant yet still full of heart, Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s opulent adaptation of Sarat Chandra’s simplistic novel marked a move into excessive theatricality for the director. Its main characters, Devdas (Khan) and Paro (Rai), are childhood lovers, but class differences and disapproving parents cause them to part ways. Full of spite, Devdas goes on a drinking spree and ends up in the arms of a dancing girl, Chandramukhi (Dixit). Chandramukhi falls in love with a broken Devdas, but he can’t think of anything beyond Paro, alcohol, and death.

The big scene 
A drunk Devdas expresses his anger at his father by jumping into a pond and performing his own last rites.

Varun Grover

Director: Nitin Bose

Cast: Dilip Kumar, Nasir Khan

Genre: action, drama

This 1961 drama helped to set the template for what would become a Bollywood staple: stories of brothers on opposite sides of the law. Poverty-stricken villager Gunga (Kumar) scrapes together just enough money to fund an education for his younger brother Jumna (Khan). Jumna becomes a police officer, while Gunga joins a group of bandits after heroically defending his love against a powerful landowner. The brothers head towards an unavoidable face-off.

The big scene
When Jumna’s fellow police officers open fire on Ganga’s bandits, and the two men remember that, despite everything that’s happened, they’re still brothers.

Shai Hussain

Director: Bimal Roy

Cast: Dilip Kumar, Vyjayantimala, Pran

Genre: romance, thriller, musical

Director Bimal Roy’s rare foray into commercial cinema was a heady cocktail of revenge, romance and reincarnation, with a supernatural element thrown in. City-bred Anand (Kumar) moves to a village to manage the estate of the evil Ugaranarayan (the legendary Pran), who rapes and murders Anand’s lover, Madhumati (Vyjayantimala). A grief-stricken Anand finds a lookalike of Madhumati and talks her into luring Ugaranayaran to confess his crime. The film boasts a brilliant score by Salil Choudhury.

The big scene
Anand thinks that Madhumati’s lookalike is extracting a confession from Ugaranarayan and then realises it’s actually her ghost.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Yash Chopra

Cast: Sridevi, Rishi Kapoor, Vinod Khanna

Genre: romance, drama

It’s the ultimate love triangle: Rohit (Kapoor) and Chandni (Sridevi) meet at a wedding and fall in love. But just before they get married, an accident takes away Rohit’s legs and self-esteem, forcing Chandni to exit the relationship. She meets Lalit (Khanna), who himself is nursing a broken heart, and things get complicated. Director Yash Chopra’s clever handling of the story, which offers a distinctly female perspective on troubled love, makes ‘Chandni’ rise way above the pack.

The big scene
When a recuperating Rohit meets Lalit and they talk about the girls they love, unaware that both are talking about the same person.

Varun Grover

Director: Amit Maitra, Sombhu Mitra

Cast: Raj Kapoor, Nargis, Motilal

Genre: drama, satire, musical

This experimental masterpiece by directing duo Amit Maitra and Sombhu Mitra sees Raj Kapoor portraying a thirsty villager stuck in a city apartment block after being mistaken for a thief. Kapoor’s unnamed character moves from one part of the building to another, coming across several people, all of whom hide murky secrets. This largely single-character-driven film features several cameo appearances by well-known Hindi film actors, each playing caricatures of urban folk who Kapoor is first scared of, and later comes to despise.

The big scene
Veteran actor Motilal appears in one hallucinatory scene of the movie, drunkenly singing the song ‘Zindagi Khwab Hai’ (‘Life is a dream’).

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Advait Chandan

Cast: Zaira Wasim, Meher Vij, Raj Arjun, Aamir Khan

Genre: drama, musical

The highest-grossing Indian film to boast a female lead, Secret Superstar is more than just another Bollywood musical. The inspiring drama follows the journey of Insia (Wasim), a teenager who dreams of escaping her abusive father and becoming a playback singer. After a video of herself singing a song while wearing a niqab to conceal her identity goes viral, she has to either face her father’s wrath or give up on her artistic dreams. At its heart, though, this is a film about the relationship between mother and daughter that also explores women’s positions in India’s traditional, male-dominated society.  

The big scene 
When Insia tells her mother that they should flee their abusive home, leaving her young brother, Guddu, behind, and her mother says that Guddu will grow up to be just like his father if they abandon him.

Ashanti Omkar

Director: Samir Ganguli

Cast: Shashi Kapoor, Raakhee

Genre: romance, thriller

‘Sharmeelee’ is a typical example of that Bollywood storytelling staple: good twin versus bad twin. Ajit (Kapoor) marries the shy Kanchan (Raakhee), thinking she is the vivacious Kamini (also Raakhee), not realising they are identical twins. Kamini spots the couple at a nightclub and decides she can have the domestic bliss she craves by eradicating her meek sister and taking her place. The outlandish plot is played straight as it clumsily examines the nature of surface beauty and inner goodness. The film’s main selling point today is SD Burman’s soundtrack, especially the undervalued Lata Mangeshkar solo ‘Megha Chhaye Aadhi Raat’ (‘Dark clouds have covered the skies’).

The big scene
An exploitative and dated rape sequence in which the baddie manhandles the leading lady and exposes her underwear.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Bimal Roy

Cast: Ashok Kumar, Meena Kumari

Genre: romance, drama

Understated elegance is the order of the day in this adaptation of a Bengali novel. As brought to life by director Bimal Roy, it’s a nuanced tale of true love lost and found, with astute performances from celebrated actors Ashok Kumar and Meena Kumari. The 2005 remake was similarly well received, and made Vidya Balan an overnight star in India.

The big scene
The show-stopping theatrical dance piece ‘Ae Bandi Tum’, performed by Gopi Krishna and Roshan Kumari and sung by Asha Bhosle and Kishore Kumar.

Ashanti Omkar

Director: Vikramaditya Motwane

Cast: Ranveer Singh, Sonakshi Sinha, Adil Hussain

Genre: romance, thriller, musical

In his second outing as director after Udaan, Vikramaditya Motwane re-imagined O Henry’s short story ‘The Last Leaf’ for this period romance. A simple girl, Pakhi (Sinha), falls in love with a robber, Varun (Singh), when he arrives in her town disguised as an archaeologist. Effectively recreating the 1950s, complete with Dev Anand film songs playing on the radio, Lootera brought together the ace technical team of production designer Aditya Kanwar and cinematographer Mahendra Shetty, who gave the film a distinct, lush period look. Amit Trivedi’s music and vocals add to the bleak beauty of it all. 

The big scene 
A sick Pakhi steadily rejects Varun’s advances while he seeks refuge in her house after running away from the police.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Mahesh Bhatt

Cast: Aamir Khan, Juhi Chawla

Genre: romance, comedy

Borrowing its story from Cary Grant’s Houseboat (1958), Hum Hain Rahi Pyar Ke follows Vyjayanti (Chawla), the bubbly daughter of a conservative Tamil family, as she flees from a forced marriage and finds kindred spirits in three children who decide to hide her at their home. All of this unfurls under the nose of their guardian Rahul (Khan). When Rahul discovers Vyjanyanti, she becomes the children’s governess, and a love between opposites blossoms. A wonderfully sweet soundtrack accompanies this delightful, light and entertaining family-friendly comedy.

The big scene 
When Rahul finally stands up for Vyjayanti’s honour in defiance of his boss.

Shai Hussain

Director: MS Sathyu

Cast: Balraj Sahni, Farooque Shaikh, AK Hangal

Genre: history, drama

Also known as Scorching Winds, this is perhaps the most jarringly accurate Indian drama to depict the plight of minority Muslims in northern India following Partition in 1947. Set in the late 1940s, elderly Muslim shoemaker Salim (Sahni) must decide whether or not to leave his ancestral home in Agra and migrate across the border to newly-created Pakistan. Meanwhile, Hindu-Muslim tensions at home threaten to rip apart his family. Director MS Sathyu, a Marxist activist, created a heart-wrenching tale of innocent lives torn apart by hatred and suspicion. Balraj Sahni’s noble performance will move you to tears, and the issues are equally relevant to India today.

The big scene
When the grandmother hides away to stay in her ‘home’.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Guru Dutt

Cast: Guru Dutt, Madhubala, Johnny Walker

Genre: comedy

Director-actor Guru Dutt uses a familiar plot to hilarious effect in this satire of India’s urban upper class in the post-independence period. Anita (Madhubala) can only inherit her father’s wealth if she gets married – leading her feminist aunt to suggest that she goes through a ‘fake’ marriage with cartoonist Preetam (Dutt) and then ‘divorce’ as soon as possible afterward. But, as expected, both Anita and Preetam fall in love. Dutt’s evocative directing style is put to inventive use during the songs: the camera appears never to sit still. The film is best remembered today for the tunes sung by the director’s wife, Geeta Dutt, and for being effortlessly funny. 

The big scene
The heroine’s swimming pool song, complete with charming chorus girls twirling umbrellas.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Sachin Kundalkar

Cast: Rani Mukerji, Prithviraj, Anita Date

Genre: romance, comedy, musical

Filmmaker Sachin Kundalkar took one of three parallel stories he previously told in the 2009 Marathi-language film Gandha and turned it into a madcap Hindi comedy with a fantasy-driven exploration of female sexuality. Meenakshi (Mukerji) falls in love with Tamil boy Surya (Prithviraj) after she’s drawn to his smell. The peculiar characters around Meenakshi include her father, who smokes four cigarettes at once, a grandmother with gold teeth, and her friend Mynah (a superb Date), who has an obsession with Lady Gaga.

The big scene
Meenakshi finds herself fantasising about romancing with Surya while dancing to an archetypal Tamil cinema-inspired song that’s garish, vulgar and full of pelvic thrusts.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Raj Kapoor

Cast: Shashi Kapoor, Zeenat Aman

Genre: romance

Raj Kapoor’s attempt to portray the conflict between the sacred and the profane, and to show that beauty is only skin deep, is an admittedly patchy affair. When engineer Ranjeev (Shashi Kapoor) hears the religious songs sung by ‘ugly’ village belle Rupa (Aman), he is convinced her face will be as beautiful as her voice. He marries her without seeing her, so the shallow groom is understandably upset on his wedding night. It’s a flawed masterpiece that is guilty of exactly of what it purports to criticise. But it’s also groundbreaking for its sexual explicitness, including wet kisses. Excellent soundtrack, too.

The big scene
Any scene with lead actress Zeenat Aman: she is practically topless for most of the film.

Anil Sinanan

Director: SS Rajamouli

Cast: Prabhas, Rana Daggubati, Tamannaah Batia, Anushka Shetty, Ramya Krishnan, Sathyaraj, Nassar

Genre: fantasy, action, musical

These Telugu-language blockbusters mark the zenith of the swords-and-sandal genre in India. Inspired by Hindu mythological works like the epic poem Mahabharata and the Amar Chitra Katha comic-book series, director SS Rajamouli’s two-part fantasy epic about a young man, Shivudu, who later discovers his name is Mahendra Baahubali – it’s complicated – offers some of the most spectacular Indian cinema ever made. Both films blend high fantasy and action with an almost Shakespearean sense of drama, resulting in a double bill that knows when to rein it in. 

The big scene
When Mahendra Baahubali’s father, Amarendra shows off his strength by lifting a gargantuan statue, preventing it from falling and killing people.

Ashanti Omkar

Director: Abrar Alvi

Cast: Meena Kumari, Rehman, Guru Dutt, Waheeda Rehman

Genre: drama

‘Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam’ is a period film about the end of an era. Abrar Alvi’s adaptation of a Bengali novel by Bimal Mitra is about the stormy relationship between a rich, decadent business owner (Rehman), his lovelorn wife (Meena Kumari) and their young servant (Guru Dutt). It’s all told against the backdrop of the last days of the old system of zamindari (a way of collecting tax) in colonial, nineteenth-century Bengal. Shot with great sensitivity and innovation by Guru Dutt’s main man VK Murthy, ‘Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam’ is a more romantic twin to Satyajit Ray’s ‘Jalsaghar’.

The big scene
A drunk Kumari pleads with her arrogant husband to stay and make love to her via the song ‘Na jao saiyan’ – a bold scene back then.

Varun Grover

Director: N Chandra

Cast: Anil Kapoor, Madhuri Dixit, Anupam Kher

Genre: romance, drama

Actor Anil Kapoor followed his 1987 super-hit ‘Mr India’ with this film (the title means ‘Acid’) that gave actress Madhuri Dixit her breakout role, swept the box office and won four Filmfare awards (Bollywood’s equivalent to the Oscars). It tells of a criminal, Munna (Kapoor), trying to get himself back on the right side of the law while also attempting to rescue his love, Mohini (Dixit), from the grasp of her villainous father. It’s passionate and violent.

The big scene
The song and video for ‘Ek Do Teen’ (‘One Two Three’) by composer duo Laxmikant-Pyarelal put actress and dance queen Dixit firmly on the Bollywood map.

Ashanti Omkar

Director: Raj Kapoor

Cast: Raj Kapoor, Vyjayanthimala, Rajendra Kumar

Genre: drama, romance

This is cinema as love song. Two best friends from childhood, Sunder (Kapoor) and Gopal (Kumar) love the same girl, Radha (Vyjayanthimala). She marries Sunder, the one she doesn’t love, but then he goes missing at war. When Sunder returns, the discovery of an old love letter sows seeds of suspicion and friendships are tested. The standard love-triangle template is made exotic by Shankar-Jaikishan’s timeless music and Raj Kapoor’s love for foreign locales.

The big scene
The accusatory song on piano – ‘Dost dost na raha’ (‘Friend did not remain a friend’) – is one of a kind in Hindi cinema (a man berating another man for trying to steal his woman), and the most intense point of the film.

Varun Grover

Director: Imtiaz Ali

Cast: Ranbir Kapoor, Nargis Fakhri, Aditi Rao Hydari

Genre: musical, romance, drama

Ranbir Kapoor embodied the film’s tortured, Jim Morrison-like protagonist Jordan so convincingly he had to keep reminding people that he wasn’t a real rock star. Jordan is one of Indian cinema’s most complex male characters. Mohit Chauhan’s soulful vocals and AR Rahman’s versatile score provide an unforgettable soundtrack with songs set in all kinds of locales. While the spiritual ‘Kun Faya Kun’ is performed at Delhi’s Nizamuddin Dargah, the mausoleum of Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya, other songs unfurl in the backdrop of Prague, Kashmir and more. Meanwhile, angst-ridden anthems like ‘Sadda Haq’ bring out the inner turmoil of the broken artist. 

The big scene
The heart-wrenching montage during the song ‘Nadaan Parindey’ as we see Jordan overcome with debilitating grief.

Ashanti Omkar 

Director: Farah Khan

Cast: Shah Rukh Khan, Sushmita Sen, Sunil Shetty

Genre: comedy, drama

Army officer Ram (Khan) goes undercover as a university student for a mission that can broker peace between India and Pakistan. While stalking the villain, Ram also loses his heart to a chemistry professor. Main Hoon Na exists in a knowingly meta world where global superstar Shah Rukh Khan involuntarily bursts into song every time Miss Universe (Sen) glides by. The film dances that fine line between parody and celebration like no mainstream Hindi film before or since. It’s a celebration of all things filmi – family reunions, the redemptive power of love, fantasies played out in song – while also revelling in how ridiculous it can all be.

The big scene
In front of a huge crowd, Ram saves the life of his younger brother, who’s about to fall to his death from the roof of the university. One onlooker nicknames him ‘Rambo’.

Beth Watkins

Director: Vikas Bahl

Cast: Kangana Ranaut, Rajkummar Rao, Lisa Haydon

Genre: drama, musical

A fiercely original filmmaking style and a novel plot made ‘Queen’ stand apart from all other 2014 releases, helping it to emerge as a critical and box-office hit. In a career-defining performance, Kangana Ranaut stars as Rani, a sheltered small-town girl who decides to go solo on her honeymoon to Europe after she’s jilted at the altar. Writer-director Vikas Bahl displays a strong flair for capturing human behaviour and peppers a simple story with lovable characters and witty dialogue.

The big scene
Rani’s former beau begs her to return, but she simply thanks him for cancelling their wedding and thereby allowing her to discover herself.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Raj Kapoor

Cast: Raj Kapoor, Simi Garewal, Rishi Kapoor

Genre: romance, biopic

Director-star Raj Kapoor’s semi-autobiographical magnum opus is four hours of self-loathing angst, which crashed at the box office and almost bankrupted the director-actor. A sad clown, Raju (Kapoor), invites the women he loved and lost in his life to his last ever performance. Told in three ‘chapters’, this overlong film is awash with iffy symbolism about the meaning of life, exhibits a questionable attitude towards women and is burdened with a mother-fixation subplot. But for all its flaws, this is no-holds-barred epic filmmaking with a moving soundtrack.

The big scene
Raju’s mother collapses and dies just as he’s about to perform – but the show must go on.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Karan Johar

Cast: Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol, Rani Mukerji

Genre: romance, musical

Director Karan Johar began his association with Shah Rukh Khan with this romantic drama partly inspired by the Archie-Veronica-Betty trio in the American Archie comics. Rahul (Khan) and Anjali (Kajol) are best friends studying in the same college, but the tomboyish Anjali is threatened by the arrival of Tina (Mukerji). Years later, widower Rahul reconnects with Anjali. The film was a runaway hit, best remembered for Khan and Kajol’s sizzling chemistry and Jatin-Lalit’s music.

The big scene
Anjali is unaware that one of her students, also named Anjali, is actually Rahul and Tina’s daughter. Then she watches Rahul on TV, who sends out a message about how much he misses ‘Anjali’.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Mani Ratnam

Cast: Kamal Haasan, Saranya, Nasser

Genre: crime, thriller

‘Nayakan’, the original, 1987 Tamil version of this film, was dubbed into Hindi in 1999 to become ‘Velu Nayakan’. An epic crime movie, it’s loosely based on the life of Varadarajan Mudaliar (here becoming Velu Nayakan, played by Haasan), a real mafia slumlord in Bombay, and also explores the struggle of south Indians living in the city. It drew inspiration from Francis Ford Coppola’s ‘The Godfather’. The song ‘Thenpandi cheemaiyile’ tops a much-admired soundtrack by veteran Indian film composer Ilaiyaraaja, who has now scored over 1000 films in his career.

The big scene
You’re bound to feel an emotional tug every time you hear the song ‘Sitam Ki Andhi’ (‘Who has hit you?’) sung by Bollywood stalwart Hariharan.

Ashanti Omkar

Director: Sooraj Barjatya

Cast: Salman Khan, Bhagyashree, Alok Nath

Genre: romance, drama

Prem (Khan), a boy from a wealthy family, pursues forbidden love with working-class girl Suman (Bhagyashree). So far, so Bollywood, but ‘Maine Pyar Kiya’ managed simultaneously to kickstart megastar Salman Khan’s career, cement director Sooraj Barjatya’s box-office clout and redefine romance and friendship in Bollywood in a way that wasn’t bettered for years. Released in a decade signified by violent masala flicks, this family-friendly film with an evergreen soundtrack and iconic dialogue was immediately and widely admired.

The big scene
When Prem and Suman attend a party and their boy-girl friendship is mocked, Prem stands up for Suman’s honour and they fall in love. Obviously.

Shai Hussain

Director: Rajkumar Santoshi

Cast: Amitabh Bachchan, Akshay Kumar, Ajay Devgn

Genre: drama, action, thriller

Amitabh Bachchan broke onto the scene with the role of angst-ridden cop Vijay in Zanjeer (1973). Khakee – its title alludes to the Indian police uniform – explores what would have happened to its broken hero after three decades. Yet again named Vijay, Bacchan’s protagonist is a by-the-books policeman who gets entangled in an operation to transfer a high-profile terrorist, until a rogue ex-cop becomes a thorn in their side. The ensuing cross-country trip from a village to Mumbai makes Khakee quite an adrenaline-fueled ride, a cut above the standard Bollywood cop thriller.

The big scene
Bachchan berates another cop for being a puppet of the establishment. It’s exactly the kind of monologue we’ve come to associate with the actor over the years.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Ritesh Batra

Cast: Irrfan Khan, Nimrat Kaur, Nawazuddin Siddiqui

Genre: romance, drama, comedy

Ritesh Batra’s BAFTA-nominated slice-of-life drama turned out to be India’s most popular recent export, winning rave reviews at Cannes followed by a wide release in the US, where the film ended up among the highest-grossing foreign-language films of the year. Simply structured yet purposeful, The Lunchbox focuses on the lives of two lonely individuals, Saajan (Khan) and Ila (Kaur). Both jostle for some peace amid the chaos of Mumbai, as they share notes through a tiffin box delivered back and forth.

The big scene 
Saajan is invited to dinner by his lowly colleague Shaikh (Siddiqui), and he bonds with Shaikh and his girlfriend.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Mani Ratnam

Cast: Shah Rukh Khan, Manisha Koirala, Preity Zinta

Genre: romance, drama, musical

Dil Se was acclaimed south Indian filmmaker Mani Ratnam’s big plunge into Hindi films, achieved by teaming up with Bollywood megastar Shah Rukh Khan. A commercial failure at the time, this story of a Delhi journalist falling in love with a terrorist has gained popularity in the years since. Ratnam’s interest in political headlines may have clashed with Khan’s lover-boy image at the time, but Dil Se allowed him to take on more experimental projects.

The big scene: Ace cinematographer Santosh Sivan shot Khan and Malaika Arora on top of a moving train dancing to AR Rahman’s ‘Chaiyya Chaiyya’, a song that would go on to become a national hit and even play in the opening minutes of Spike Lee’s Inside Man.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Karan Johar

Cast: Amitabh Bachchan, Shah Rukh Khan, Hrithik Roshan

Genre: melodrama, romance, musical

‘It’s all about loving your parents,’ screamed the trailer for ‘Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham…’, a film that piled on the mush in true Karan Johar (‘My Name is Khan’) style. Here, Johar brought together a dream cast to play a fractured family. Billionaire Yashvardhan (Bachchan) is an authoritarian who banishes his adopted son Rahul (Khan) for marrying a woman against his wishes. Years later, Raj’s brother Rohan (Roshan) strives to bring the family together. Boasting opulent production design, lavish musical set pieces and an orgy of superstars, ‘K3G’ (as the film came to be known) is guilty-pleasure Bollywood at its best.

The big scene
Rahul and Rohan reunite after several years. Sat on a park bench, Rahul asks Rohan questions about things they had talked about when Rohan was just a kid.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Ashutosh Gowariker

Cast: Hrithik Roshan, Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, Sonu Sood

Genre: historical, romance, drama

This story of real-life Mughal emperor Akbar (Roshan) and his Hindu wife Jodhaa (Bachchan) doesn’t exactly follow the facts. But when artistic license is exercised so beautifully, who cares? Ashutosh Gowariker, director of the Oscar-nominated ‘Lagaan’, executes a perfect balance of spectacle, performances, ideas and story, never sacrificing the entertainment factor and allowing us to bask in the costumes and production design. He drenches his always-timely message of respect for all faiths in immeasurable imperial pomp.

The big scene
A sizzling sword fight between the emperor and the princess, a woman with serious physical presence who refuses to bow her head.

Beth Watkins

Director: AR Murugadoss

Cast: Aamir Khan, Asin, Jiah Khan

Genre: romance, thriller

Borrowing stylistic elements from Christopher Nolan’s Memento, this over-the-top thriller leans heavily on its main character’s short-term memory loss. Sanjay (Aamir Khan) is a leading Indian businessman, while Kalpana (Asin), a model, brags to everyone that she is Sanjay’s girl even though they’ve never met. When Sanjay discovers this, he decides to confront her but soon falls in love. Kalpana, however, runs afoul of a local crime lord, and Sanjay is determined to avenge her death. Ghajini was an enormous hit in India, with Aamir Khan’s eight-pack transformation setting the template for more jacked-up Bollywood heroes. 

The big scene 
Sanjay is attacked by gangsters and suffers short-term amnesia. He tattoos memory prompts all over his body. Heard that somewhere before?

Anushka Arora

Director: Yash Chopra

Cast: Amitabh Bachchan, Shashi Kapoor, Shatrugan Sinha

Genre: action, crime, thriller, historical

The common man’s exploitation by greedy industrialists lies at the centre of Kaala Patthar, which loosely references the 1975 Chasnala disaster in which 375 miners drowned. Amitabh Bachchan plays sullen loner Vijay (a common name in his filmography), a disgraced naval officer who abandoned a sinking ship. Shashi Kapoor is clean-cut engineer Ravi, and Shatrugan Sinha is escaped convict Mangal. Despite Ravi’s protests, the mine owner sacrifices safety for profit. But when the mine is flooded, the trio unite. Kaala Patthar proudly wears its proletarian heart on its sleeve.

The big scene 
When the mine siren sounds, the entire workforce and surrounding village rush to help. It’s a striking symbol of the power of the collective over the individual.

Rahul Verma

Director: Shimit Amin

Cast: Shah Rukh Khan, Shilpa Shukla, Vidya Malvade

Genre: sports, drama, musical

Between the clever gangster movie Ab Tak Chhappan (2004) and the grossly underrated Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year (2009), director Shimit Amin teamed up with writer Jaideep Sahni to give us this evergreen sports drama. The film narrates the story of a disgraced ex-India hockey player (Khan) who coaches the women’s team to World Cup glory. While sticking to the underdog-overcomes-obstacles template, Amin and Sahni deftly weave in themes of cultural diversity, religious difference and feminism.

The big scene 
The girls’ team goes up against the boys’ national team, winning the respect of the opposing team and the selectors.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Kabir Khan

Cast: Salman Khan, Katrina Kaif, Ranvir Shorey

Genre: action, romance

Salman Khan adds a dash of cosmopolitan sophistication to his usual machismo with this cross-border love story disguised as an espionage thriller. Khan plays an Indian agent codenamed Tiger who goes against protocol after he falls for a Pakistani agent (Kaif). As Tiger, Khan adheres to the muscle-man template, but he also struggles over questions of loyalty to his lady or his country – a complexity not always afforded to India’s defenders. Ek Tha Tiger’s success spawned profitable sequels and numerous spin-offs and companion thrillers, creating Bollywood’s so-called Spy Cinematic Universe. 

The big scene 
Tiger crashes through Dublin’s public transport system – a proud addition to the tradition of Bollywood heroes wreaking havoc in foreign locations.

Beth Watkins

Director: Shyam Benegal

Cast: Shabana Azmi, Anant Nag

Genre: drama

‘Ankur’ is the film that kickstarted an ‘arty-indie’ parallel film movement in Hindi cinema in the 1970s and early ’80s. Shyam Benegal’s directorial debut introduces Shabana Azmi (‘India’s Meryl Streep’) as Laxmi, the servant-wife of a deaf and dumb untouchable potter. Laxmi falls pregnant by bored middle-class student Surya (Nag) at his family’s holiday farmhouse. The rest of this admirable and realistic film explores the fallout from these events and bravely adopts a strong feminist stance. Gritty and political, this is an elegiac and essential rural melodrama.

The big scene
The film’s final sequence: a young boy throws a brick at the landlord’s house, suggesting that the unfair social order may soon change, even violently.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Hrishikesh Mukherjee

Cast: Amol Palekar, Utpal Dutt, Bindiya Goswami, Dina Pathak

Genre: comedy

At least two generations of Indians will count this as the best homegrown comedy ever made, and with good reason. Hrishikesh Mukherjee’s immensely well-crafted comedy of mistaken identities has Ramprasad (Amol Palekar) doubling up as his non-existent twin brother and wearing a fake moustache, just to convince his idealistic boss Bhavani (Utpal Dutt) that it wasn’t him slacking off work and enjoying a sports match. Throw in a couple of fake mums, the boss’s daughter who is in love with the other ‘brother’, a drunk Keshto Mukherjee and screenwriter Rahi Masoom Raza’s memorable dialogue, and this is a delightfully chaotic comedy for all seasons.

The big scene 
The moment when Bhavani finally realises Ramprasad’s lie while he is gorging on parathas approaches comedy nirvana.

Varun Grover

Director: Anurag Basu

Cast: Ranbir Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra

Genre: adventure, comedy, romance

A word-of-mouth success, Barfi! observes the magical relationship between an autistic woman, Jhilmil (Chopra), and a deaf-mute guy, Barfi (Kapoor). The film has the air of a fairytale, and Kapoor’s twinkly-eyed, vividly expressive performance as the title character evokes Charlie Chaplin as well as his own grandfather, Raj Kapoor. Barfi! announced Kapoor as a credible actor and rising superstar rather than just a lover boy archetype. 

The big scene
The song ‘Kyon’ sees mellow acoustic guitar accompany Barfi’s attempts to move on from the fairytale world of the film. Wherever Barfi turns, however, Jhilmil follows, and it dawns on him that she’s the one. The magical realism returns as the lush green landscape glows in approval.

Rahul Verma

Director: Raj Kapoor

Cast: Rishi Kapoor, Padmini Kolhapure

Genre: drama

Raj Kapoor tackles the controversial subject of widows remarrying with this stark critique of old-fashioned family and tenancy structures, all framed within a big, commercial movie. It’s held together by teenage actress Padmini Kolhapure, who is utterly convincing and sympathetic as the unlucky bride who discovers the true meaning of love. There are rough edges to ‘Prem Rog’ and some hammy acting, but ultimately its liberal and progressive stance wins you over.

The big scene
A climax sees a widow who dared to love about to be executed by being burnt alive on a cross.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Hrishikesh Mukherjee

Cast: Rajesh Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan, Johnny Walker

Genre: drama, tragedy, musical

Regarded by many as the first superstar of Bollywood, Rajesh Khanna plays the title character, whose days are numbered after he’s diagnosed with cancer. Anand delves into his relationship with his doctor, Bhaskar, played by a young Amitabh Bachchan. Anand’s positive outlook on life and playful demeanour offer lessons to those around him, even as Bhaskar, a more serious man, struggles with his inability to reverse Anand’s medical condition. The impeccable acting aside, the film is memorable for Salil Chowdhury’s score.

The big scene
Bhaskar cries over Anand’s body, hysterically demanding that his dead friend speak again, when a voice recording left behind by Anand starts to play.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Yash Chopra

Cast: Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan, Rekha

Genre: romance

Yash Chopra’s most infamous film is based on the alleged real-life affair between Bollywood’s biggest star, Amitabh Bachchan, and the ultimate diva, actress Rekha. Outrageously, Bachchan persuaded his actress wife, Jaya, to come out of retirement to play his screen wife and his alleged mistress, Rekha, to act in this silly film as his screen mistress. Chopra’s attempt to romanticise adultery via tuneful songs results in a somewhat sleazy film with a traditional cop-out ending. Today, it’s regarded as a flawed cult classic due to its controversial casting and tuneful soundtrack.

The big scene
When real/reel wife and real/reel mistress meet in a highly-charged confrontational scene and both agree to fight for their man.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Zoya Akhtar

Cast: Hrithik Roshan, Abhay Deol, Farhan Akhtar

Genre: comedy, adventure, drama, road movie

With a title translating to ‘you only live once’, this buddy-road-comedy-meets-midlife-crisis-drama finds three friends embarking on a bachelor trip in Spain: Arjun (Roshan) is a workaholic; Imraan (Farhan Akhtar) is a casanova writer who wants to track down his biological father; and Kabir (Deol) is unsure about his upcoming wedding. Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara had a message for middle-class Indians living the new liberal dream with well-paid jobs: it’s OK not to conform or experience a happily-ever-after romance.

The big scene 
As the friends do Pamplona’s bull run – in slow motion – there’s a voiceover of Akhtar’s character, Imraan, reciting a poem about being free. The poem is written by Akhtar’s screenwriter father, Javed (Sholay, Deewar).

Rahul Verma

Director: Ramesh Sippy

Cast: Amitabh Bachhan, Shashi Kapoor, Kulbhushan Kharbanda

Genre: action, comedy, thriller

Ramesh Sippy’s follow-up to his career-defining Sholay (1975) rode in on high expectations and left many viewers underwhelmed. But this story of two con-men (Bachhan and Kapoor) mending their ways and collaborating with a sharpshooter (Shatrughan Sinha) to avenge the death of their cop brother at the hands of the dreaded Bond-villain-esque Shakaal (Kharbanda, in a stunning debut) has aged very well. The cons are very original and the scale of the film extravagantly ambitious.

The big scene 
The first image of Shakaal with his shiny, bald head and his punishment aquarium full of crocodiles and sharks sticks long in the memory.

Varun Grover

Director: Vidhu Vinod Chopra

Cast: Jackie Shroff, Anil Kapoor, Nana Patekar

Genre: crime, drama, romance

The quintessential Bollywood crime film, Parinda tells of street-kid brothers Kishen (Shroff) and Karan (Kapoor). When Karan returns after completing his education overseas, he realises his brother has become a gangster working for Anna (Patekar). Boasting some fine editing by the late Renu Saluja and stellar sound design, the film earned acclaim for director Vidhu Vinod Chopra’s neo-noir treatment, and all-around brilliant acting. Chopra later remade Parinda in Hollywood with Vincent D’Onofrio and Anton Yelchin, but nothing beats the original. 

The big scene
Karan meets his childhood friend, police officer Prakash, at a kabutarkhana (pigeon house), where the latter is gunned down by Anna’s henchmen. A shattered Karan is left holding his best friend’s lifeless, bullet-ridden body.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Imtiaz Ali

Cast: Shahid Kapoor, Kareena Kapoor, Dara Singh

Genre: romance, musical, comedy

A winning second film from Imtiaz Ali (Rockstar), Jab We Met is the definitive romantic comedy of the 2000s. Genuinely funny and heartwarming, it starts out as the classic story of the lost manchild, Aditya (Shahid Kapoor), encountering the female embodiment of joie de vivre, Geet (Kareena Kapoor), whose effervescent outlook changes his life. But before you can shout ‘manic pixie dream girl’, their roles are reversed, with Geet’s heartbreak and subsequent descent into depression tended to by the newly go-getting Aditya. In effect, he must bring back to her the joy and zest she bequeathed to him.

The big scene 
As Geet prepares to run away from home and reunite with her secret lover, Aditya asks her why she’s playing with her life like this. ‘Because it’s my favourite game!’ she gleefully replies.

Sahir Avik D’souza

Director: Raj Kapoor

Cast: Raj Kapoor, Nargis, Nadira, Nemo

Genre: drama, romance, musical

Lead actor and director Raj Kapoor modelled his on-screen persona in Shree 420 and other films after Charlie Chaplin’s Tramp. Here, he plays a vagabond who arrives in Bombay to earn a living and later falls in love with Vidya (Nargis). Raj’s desire to make quick money, however, leads him to join forces with corrupt businessman Dharmanand (Nemo) and his associate, the temptress Maya (Nadira). The film reflected a general state of unrest among unemployed youth and an increasing class divide in the country at the time. It’s no surprise that Kapoor’s working-class films like this gem made him a sensation in the Soviet Union. 

The big scene 
Raj is lured to a party by Maya (her name translates to desire), with the song ‘Mudh Mudh Ke Na Dekh’ (‘Don’t Look Back’), as Vidya (which means education) cries outside the venue.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Farah Khan

Cast: Shah Rukh Khan, Deepika Padukone, Arjun Rampal

Genre: satire, romance, musical

A runaway hit on release, Om Shanti Om achieved what other similar films before it had tried and largely failed to do: to satirise the idiosyncrasies of the Hindi film industry. This love letter to the Golden Age of Bollywood offers enough homages while wearing the garb of a clichéd reincarnation story. Om (Khan) is a junior artist in love with superstar Shanti (Padukone) in the 1970s. Shanti, though, is in love with a wily producer, Mukesh Mehra (Rampal), who has her killed. In the present day, Om is now a superstar out to exact revenge on Mehra, now settled in Hollywood.

The big scene 
The film’s climactic scene borrowed from Bimal Roy’s 1958 classic, Madhumati, and sees Shanti’s spirit return to help Om exact revenge from Mehra.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Yash Chopra

Cast: Shah Rukh Khan, Karisma Kapoor, Madhuri Dixit, Akshay Kumar

Genre: romance, musical

This musical romance and box-office hit explores the love lives of dancers in a musical troupe. There’s Rahul (Khan), who does not understand how two people can fall in love. Pooja (Dixit) believes in the idea of soulmates and lives by the statement that ‘someone, somewhere is made for you’. Lastly, we have Nisha and her belief that love starts as friendship and two good friends have the potential to love one another right to the end. ‘Dil To Pagal Hai’ is remembered as one of the late Yash Chopra’s best.

The big scene
Rahul and Pooja finally confess their feelings for each other in front of a large audience in a climactic scene guaranteed to bring audiences to tears. After all, ‘dil to pagal hai’ (‘the heart is crazy’), right?

Anushka Arora

Director: Raj Kapoor

Cast: Prithviraj Kapoor, Raj Kapoor, Nargis

Genre: family courtroom drama

Known as The Show Man, Raj Kapoor’s most famous film is a grand Oedipal melodrama exploring the nature-versus-nurture debate. Will a bandit’s son always end up a criminal? ‘Awara’ explores class division in newly independent India, which excludes the film’s lowly ‘tramp’ hero, Raj (Raj Kapoor), at every point. Its surprise success outside India – especially in the USSR, Africa, China, Greece and the West Indies – was directly responsible for introducing the world to mainstream Hindi cinema.

The big scene
The nine-minute dance number, ‘Ghar Aya Mera Pardesi’ (‘My lover has come home’), sung by Lata Mangeshkar, is a dream sequence famous for its elaborate sets.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Rajkumar Santoshi

Cast: Aamir Khan, Salman Khan, Raveena Tandon

Genre: comedy, romance, musical

Rajkumar Santoshi’s Andaz Apna Apna brought together two young, up-and-coming superstars, but the resulting film was a box-office failure. Its cult has grown over the years, spawning fan clubs and websites and ensuring record television ratings time after time. Amar (Aamir Khan) and Prem (Salman Khan) are wastrels who both want to marry a rich heiress, but they become involved in a feud involving warring twin brothers and a ridiculously over-the-top villain with a Salvador Dali moustache, Crime Master Gogo (Shakti Kapoor).

The big scene 
The film’s extended climax, during which all the characters fight over a bag of diamonds in a warehouse, boasts immense repeat value.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Farhan Akhtar

Cast: Aamir Khan, Akshaye Khanna, Saif Ali Khan

Genre: coming-of-age, drama, romance

Before the dawn of India’s urban multiplex culture in the mid-2000s, director Farhan Akhtar made his debut with this coming-of-age tale about three Mumbai boys whose language reflected how regular people talked – a refreshing change from other Bollywood films of the time. Akhtar has never been able to better his first film, but with ‘Dil Chahta Hai’ he ushered in a style of storytelling that was new to Indian audiences, where everything from the dialogue and design to the music was subtle and realistic.

The big scene
During the song ‘Tanhayee’, the Melbourne skyline whizzes by Aamir Khan, who is far from home and desolate after learning about the marriage of his lover to another man.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Ram Gopal Varma

Cast: JD Chakravarty, Urmila Matondkar, Manoj Bajpai

Genre: crime, drama, romance

Satya was among a slew of gritty gangster dramas that hit screens in the late ’90s, and director Ram Gopal Varma was a trailblazer in the genre. The film tells of Satya (Chakravarty), who is unwittingly sucked into the world of Mumbai crime. What sets Satya apart from other gangster films is the realistic portrayal of the criminals’ daily lives and Varma’s unrestrained, gloomy treatment of the subject. It’s considered his magnum opus by many. 

The big scene 
Satya pleads with his lover to open her door, while outside the police are trying to kill him. There’s love and escape on one side of the door, violence and despair on the other.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Shekhar Kapur

Cast: Anil Kapoor, Sridevi, Amrish Puri

Genre: sci-fi, action, romcom

Shekhar ‘Elizabeth’ Kapur’s most famous Bollywood film. Arun (Kapoor) becomes the invisible superhero Mr India, who uses his power to fight the evil Mogambo (Puri) who is intent on taking over the world. Stuffed with as many masala ingredients as possible, this is pure camp nonsense. But it’s told in such a cheeky kitsch way that the viewer surrenders to its sheer energy. ‘Mr India’ is huge fun, especially Mogambo’s catchphrase ‘Mogambo Khush Hua’ (‘Mogambo is happy’) which became a national craze.

The big scene
The ‘Kaate Nahin Kat Te’ song is regarded as perhaps the definitive sexy ‘wet sari’ song sequence in the history of Bollywood.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Mani Ratnam

Cast: Arvind Swamy, Manisha Koirala

Genre: romance, drama, tragedy

This poignant film covers one of the darkest periods in India’s contemporary history: the 1992 and 1993 Mumbai riots. A love story about star-crossed lovers from different faiths who elope to what was then called Bombay to start a family, it proved so controversial on its release in 1995 that director Mani Ratnam’s house was bombed by extremists. Nevertheless, its heart, moral standing and cry for peace in India resonated, and Bombay became a critical and commercial success.

The big scene 
The sweeping love song ‘Tu Hi Re’, sung by Hariharan and Kavita Krishnamurthy – and composed by AR Rahman, the man behind the music of Slumdog Millionaire and 127 Hours – soundtracks a moment of pure passion between the film’s central couple. It’s widely considered to be one of Indian cinema’s most romantic scenes.

Ashanti Omkar

Director: Guru Dutt

Cast: Guru Dutt, Waheeda Rehman, Johnny Walker

Genre: drama, romance, tragedy

In a bizarre case of life imitating the movies, actor-director Guru Dutt died in an apartment in 1964 after allegedly consuming a concoction of sleeping pills and alcohol: his unsuccessful relationship with actor Waheeda Rehman was said to be one of the things that caused him to fall into depression. Six years earlier, Dutt made ‘Kaagaz Ke Phool’, in which he played a director who falls in love with a film actress (played by Rehman). The film ended with Dutt’s character – a dejected filmmaker – dying in his chair at a film studio.

The big scene
The song sequence ‘Waqt Ne Kiya Kya Haseen Sitam’, stunningly shot by cinematographer VK Murthy, sees Dutt and Rehman’s characters regretting the decisions they’ve made in life.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Rajkumar Hirani

Cast: Aamir Khan, Madhavan, Sharman Joshi, Kareena Kapoor

Genre: Comedy, drama, family

‘3 Idiots’ charts the japes and scrapes of three students at India’s top engineering university (the film was shot in Bangalore). Along the way, this coming-of-age comedy addresses ‘ragging’ (initiation rituals), the intense pressure to excel in education, student suicide and the tension between the ambitions of students and their parents. ‘3 Idiots’ was a huge hit and confirmed Aamir Khan as the master of balancing good old-fashioned family entertainment with meaningful messages.

The big scene
The film’s catchphrase, ‘All is well’, is still part of everyday language in India.

Rahul Verma

Director: Kundan Shah

Cast: Naseeruddin Shah, Ravi Baswani, Pankaj Kapur

Genre: satire, comedy, drama

Loosely inspired by Michelangelo Antonioni’s 1966 film ‘Blow-Up’, ‘Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro’ (‘Who Pays the Piper’) tells of two Mumbai photographers, Vinod (Shah) and Sudhir (Baswani), who unwittingly take a picture of a corrupt businessman (Kapur) killing a government official. The two discover the dead body and fight to ensure that it doesn’t end up in the hands of a motley group – the killer, his competitor, his two associates and a journalist, all of whom have vested interests in the case.

The big scene
The epic climax, in which all the characters become part of a staging of Mahabharata, is widely considered to be the best comic scene ever shot in a Hindi film.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: SS Rajamouli

Cast: NT Rama Rao Jr, Ram Charan, Ajay Devgn, Ray Stevenson, Alison Doody

Genre: action, drama

Believe it or not, this massive Telugu-language action extravaganza and even bigger box-office hit is actually based on two real-life historical figures during the British rule in India. Director SS Rajamouli does give their lives a fully fictionalised and highly bombastic skew, imbuing the men with superhuman powers, fighting against and with a myriad of CG animals, as well as the evil Brits, and throws in some musical bangers and some top-notch dance choreography for good measure. The film’s musical highlight ‘Naatu Naatu’ swept at the awards, taking home the Oscar and Golden Globe for Best Original Song. The story revolves around tribal leader Komaram Bheem (NT Rama Rao Jr), the protector of a village and its children, and his bromance with A Rama Raju (Ram Charan), a policeman with a hidden identity. They work together to save Malli, the daughter of Loki – not the God of Mischief, but a tribal Indian mum – who is forcefully taken from a forest as a trophy for a colonial wife and her brutal husband, the governor of the district. Cue, well, total mayhem. 

The big scene
Just when a colossal battle at the British colonial headquarters seems to have capped out for explosions, fights and all-round chaos, someone turns up with a truck full of ferocious wild animals.

Director: Manmohan Desai

Cast: Amitabh Bachchan, Vinod Khanna, Rishi Kapoor

Genre: drama, comedy, musical

The escapist formula honed by director Manmohan Desai (‘Dharam Veer’, Roti’) peaked with this late 1970s film about three brothers – each named in the title – separated at birth. Brimming with clichés and implausible situations, ‘Amar Akbar Anthony’ set the commercial template that many modern Bollywood filmmakers continue to follow. Thirty-five-year-old Amitabh Bachchan, the film’s star, defied his Angry Young Man image – created by a string of sombre action dramas – with his largely comical role.

The big scene
The three characters enter a villain’s den in disguise to rescue their respective loves, at the same time singing the film’s title track, each of their names signifying the religion in which each was raised – Hinduism, Islam and Christianity.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Kamal Amrohi

Cast: Ashok Kumar, Meena Kumari, Raaj Kumar

Genre: historical romance

Lucknow, 1900. Sahibjaan (Kumari) is a ‘dancing girl’ who marries the respectable Salim (R Kumar), despite his dad’s disapproval. Sahibjaan soon considers herself unworthy of her husband and runs away. Will the lovers be reunited and will the ‘respectable society’ accept them? Fifteen years in the making – not helped by personal differences between the director and his leading lady, also his wife – Pakeezah offers an evocative soundtrack that is weaved seamlessly into the story, creating perhaps the most magical, lyrical portrayal of idealised erotic romance seen on the Indian screen. The title itself translates to ‘Pure’.

The big scene 
When Salim sees the exposed feet of the sleeping, covered Sahibjaan, he is immediately smitten.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Ashutosh Gowariker

Cast: Aamir Khan, Gracy Singh

Genre: adventure, drama, sport, historical

Set in the 19th century, Lagaan sees a drought-struck village unite, learn to play cricket and take on their cruel imperial rulers. The combination of cricket and colonialism seems like a no-brainer on paper and initially, nobody would touch this script with a bat. Then star Aamir Khan took the lead role and its critical and box office success ushered in a new era of alternative subject matter and varied storytelling. Lagaan is, thus far, the last mainstream Hindi film to be nominated for Best International Feature at the Oscars.

The big scene
The climactic cricket match saw audiences cheering on the villagers. The sports movie had arrived in Bollywood and Chak De! India, Bhaag Milkha Bhaag and Khan’s own Dangal later followed in the trailblazing wake of Lagaan.

Rahul Verma

Director: Yash Chopra

Cast: Shashi Kapoor, Amitabh Bachchan, Neetu Singh

Genre: Action, thriller, crime

Evoking ‘Mother India’ with its story of a good son pitched against a bad one and a mother caught between them, ‘Deewaar’ places an anti-hero centrestage. Amitabh Bachchan excels as the simmering Vijay, who turns to criminality to provide for his mum, while brother Ravi (Kapoor) becomes a cop. Inevitably, their paths must cross. ‘Deewaar’ was Bachchan’s first step on the road to mega-stardom and it epitomises his status as the bristling, angry young man railing against all around him.

The big scene
Inspector Ravi faces down gangster Vijay in his elder brother’s grand, ill-gotten house and declares that as long as Vijay is a criminal there is a ‘deewaar’ (wall) between them, and that their mum must choose between the two.

Rahul Verma

Director: Vijay Anand

Cast: Dev Anand, Waheeda Rehman, Leela Chitnis

Genre: romance, drama, musical

Director Vijay Anand adapts RK Narayan’s English-language novel into a sprawling drama. ‘Guide’ tells of a man, Raju, who transforms from a tour guide in his youth into a great holy man later in life. The film is considered ahead of its time for showing its protagonists, Raju (Anand) and Rosie (Rehman), having an extra-marital affair, and also for presenting its lead character as an unscrupulous scumbag. Both were deeply unusual in a Hindi film of the time.

The big scene
Raju has an epiphany on his deathbed – a spiritual awakening where he realises that even though the body dies, the soul will never fade away.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Guru Dutt

Cast: Guru Dutt, Mala Sinha, Waheeda Rehman

Genre: drama, romance, musical

Filmmaker Guru Dutt, known for bringing tragic stories to celluloid, plays Vijay, a struggling writer whose two best friends happen to be a streetwalker and a masseuse. Vijay tries unsuccessfully to get his book of poems published and is later believed to have died in a train accident. A cunning publisher prints the book and makes a killing. Maestro composer SD Burman provides a stellar soundtrack, memorable for Sahir Ludhianvi’s poetic verses. With ‘Pyaasa’, Dutt established himself as a filmmaker who could effectively depict the reality of the world around him.

The big scene
When Vijay ‘returns from the dead’ at his own memorial. Dutt’s silhouette, with the flash of light around him flooding the dark auditorium, sticks in the memory.

Aniruddha Guha

Director: Aditya Chopra

Cast: Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol, Amrish Puri

Genre: romance, comedy, family

Familiar themes of personal choice versus family responsibility, and of forbidden love, are remixed for the 1990s in this epic, era-defining romance. In London, Raj (Khan) is an immature young man, while straight-laced Simran (Kajol) is all set for a marriage arranged by her domineering father. She goes InterRailing in Europe, meets Raj and they fall in love against the backdrop of Swiss mountains. The popularity of the film (the title translates as ‘The brave-hearted will take away the bride’) is reflected in the fact that it has screened daily in Mumbai’s Maratha Mandir cinema for 19 years and counting. This ultimate romance also raised the bar impossibly high for guys chasing girls.

The big scene
The hit song ‘Tujhe Dekha To…’ sees Simran and Raj reunited in Punjab’s rolling fields, and its lingering gazes and passionate embraces are old school Bollywood at its finest. Raj’s line – ‘Senorita bade bade desho me aisi choti choti baatein hoti rehti’ (‘Senorita, don’t get stressed by the little things’) – has crossed into daily usage. Indeed, no less a figure than Barack Obama quoted it during his inaugural visit to India in 2015.

Rahul Verma

Director: Mehboob Khan

Cast: Nargis, Rajendra Kumar, Sunil Dutt

Genre: drama

The first Hindi film to be nominated for Best Foreign-Language Film at the Oscars, this is a heartbreaking story of the complexities of rural farming in newly independent India and the exploitation of farmers by their feudal landlords. It follows the hardships faced by Radha (Nargis), a village mother of three sons who is abandoned by her husband and forced to toil the paddy fields to survive. The film entrenched the idea of the pure, self-sacrificing mother figure as synonymous with the notion of an idealised Indian (Hindu) nation.

The big scene
When Radha’s rebellious son Birju (Dutt) shoots the lecherous evil landlord and kidnaps his daughter, she must take matters into her own hands to restore order.

Anil Sinanan

Director: K Asif

Cast: Prithviraj Kapoor, Dilip Kumar, Madhubala

Genre: historical romance

Translated as ‘Emperor of the Mughals’ and set in the late sixteenth century in India’s Mughal period, this is the doomed story of Prince Saleem (Kumar), son of the ruling Emperor Akbar (Kapoor), who falls in love with dancing slave girl Anarkali (Madhubala). This is true epic filmmaking, with magnificent sets, huge battle scenes with hundreds of real elephants, elaborate costumes, an evergreen score and naturalistic acting. It remains a gorgeous evocation of a bygone era, and was one of the rare occasions when a film of the ‘Muslim social’ genre (i.e. interested in Muslim people and culture) became a blockbuster in Hindu-centric India.

The big scene
This mostly black-and-white film suddenly bursts into colour when the classic ‘I have loved, so what is there to fear?’ confrontational dance number begins.

Anil Sinanan

Director: Ramesh Sippy

Cast: Dharmendra, Amitabh Bachchan, Amjad Khan

Genre: action, thriller, western

This cult masala western sees escaped convicts Veeru (Dharmendra) and Jai (Bachchan) defend a village terrorised by bandits led by the maniacal Gabbar Singh (Khan). ‘Sholay’ has it all – epic dishum-dishum fight scenes, bromance, humour, memorable songs, plot twists, thrilling dance sequences and sparkling performances. The haunting score and Bollywood’s baddest villain are the icing on a rollicking, all-action cake.

The big scene
Three bandits return from a raid empty-handed to face Gabbar’s ire: miraculously they survive trial by half-loaded gun (six chambers, three bullets) and Gabbar laughs hysterically. His men join in and there’s a collective relief-filled exhale – then Gabbar shoots them anyway. The threat of a visit from Gabbar Singh has been used by parents to get kids to bed on time ever since.

Rahul Verma