「ケースがはばたく日」
Photo: Kisa Toyoshima(L-R) Kees Momma and ‘A Place Like Home’ director Monique Nolte
Photo: Kisa Toyoshima

Dutch documentary about autism and old age headlines EU Film Days 2023

A chat with the creators of the heartwarming and incisive ‘A Place Like Home’

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「ケースがはばたく日」
Photo: Courtesy of The Dutch Embassy in Tokyo'A Place Like Home'

This year’s edition of the annual EU Film Days, a celebration of European cinema that brings together films from across the continent and is presented by embassies and cultural organisations of European Union member states in Japan, kicked off on June 2. Among the programme’s highlights is ‘A Place Like Home’, documentary entry from the Netherlands that follows the life of Kees Momma, a 57-year-old autistic man. Screened in Japan for the first time, the film examines the often funny and sometimes heart-wrenching process through which Kees seeks to become independent and move out of his parents’ house.

Set for screenings at four venues in Tokyo, Kyoto, Fukuoka and Hiroshima respectively, the documentary will be shown at the National Film Archive in Kyobashi on June 22. On the same day, the NFA will also be showing ‘Only the best for our son’ (2014), another documentary about Momma by the same team, in which the protagonist’s aging parents are depicted caring for their son and worrying about his future. That film has been seen by more than three million people in the Netherlands and won the 5 years 2Doc prize, the country’s most prestigious award for documentary filmmaking.

We caught up with Monique Nolte, director of both ‘A Place Like Home’ and ‘Only the best for our son’, and Kees Momma himself to talk about their work, the challenges faced by those with autism later in life, and how their insights and experiences might be instructive when Japan seeks new solutions to the challenges posed by the aging of society, as well as breaking taboos, stigma and shame surrounding autism and other disabilities.

Building a lasting relationship

Monique Nolte: I met Kees Momma and his family in 1997, when I had the opportunity to participate in a series of documentaries for young directors. This series was themed ‘Youngsters and friendship’.

I was curious if someone with autism would be able to bond, to maintain relationships or friendships, so I started researching the topic. My research led me to Kees, who had written a book about his life.

When I met Kees – 32 years old at the time – I was immediately struck by his personality, and understood that he was the character I was looking for. He is pure and natural, and very intelligent. Kees is fully aware of what he misses out on in life due to his disability. That’s tragic, but it also makes him even more interesting to me.

The mini-documentary ‘Trainman’ came out in 1998, and this was the beginning of our friendship that still lasts until today, for 26 years. In that film, you see how Kees manages to survive in a world that’s threatening to him thanks to the support of his mother.

After the film aired we stayed in touch. As the years went by and his parents grew older, the fear of losing his parents and especially his mother got stronger. Kees wrote me about it more and more in his letters. Ten years after ‘Trainman’, I decided to make a new documentary and started filming ‘Only the best for our son’.

The reason was his father’s plan to create a prospect for his son’s future by starting a housing project where Kees could live together with other people with autism. Kees longed for such a future, but was afraid of a life without his mother. She didn’t want to let go of her son, so Kees’s father found himself obstructed by his wife, creating a dilemma. We worked on the film for seven years, and it became an unprecedented hit once it was released in 2014.

The spark for ‘A Place Like Home’ came when friends of Kees’s parents suddenly bought a house for Kees across the street, so that Kees could have a place of his own. This was a proposal for Kees to move in by himself and transfer to an independent life. His parents were already over 80 and the mother was beginning to suffer from dementia. Kees needed someone else to help take care of him.

However, Kees himself suffers from many neuroses, insecurities and obsessions, and building relationships with others is not easy for him. In the film, I sought to depict how he could become more independent despite these difficulties.

‘A Place Like Home’ was released in the Netherlands in April 2023. Although it presents a cohesive story and offers some closure, I’ve continued filming Kees’s efforts to live on his own. The sequel, scheduled for release next year, will depict Kees finally achieving independence.

The joy of creation

Kees, has your life changed with the release of these documentaries?

Kees Momma: The fact that I’ve appeared in them has implicitly encouraged me. I became more aware that I needed to live away from my parents, and I’ve managed to create positive distance between them and myself.

Nolte: When the previous film came out, Kees became something of a celebrity in the Netherlands. His Facebook page now has more than 100,000 followers. This has been a positive for his efforts to become independent. Kees is a talented artist who is great at drawing. After the first movie came out in 2014, we asked people on Facebook to request Kees to draw their houses and ended up with a waiting list of more than 1,000 people. This waiting list is still there after nine years and keeps growing. After ‘A Place Like Home’ came out, we keep getting requests on a daily basis. Kees currently earns money by drawing one house every month.

Momma: I feel that I’m bringing joy to people through the beautiful things I can create, and this connects me to many others. I hope to continue this virtuous cycle.

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An unfiltered world

‘A Place Like Home’ seems like an ideal representation of people with disabilities and their families, depicted vividly and with emotional depth. How would you two like people to view and understand autism?

Nolte: In general, Kees leads a difficult life. The world appears threatening to him because stimuli such as sounds, light, heat and cold reach him unfiltered. This is because people with autism have a different way of processing information in the brain. In people who don’t have autism, all information that comes in through the senses is automatically filtered. This does not happen with someone with autism, which leads to overstimulation of the senses.

Also, in people with autism, the ‘social antenna’ we use when dealing with others is less developed and that can cause problems for themselves and their environment. Restricted, repetitive, or stereotypical patterns of behaviour are also characteristic.

Momma: I hope that people having a more accurate understanding of the condition of autism might reduce the number of problems that occur in our lives.

I'm sensitive to external stimuli, especially sound. The louder it is, the more I panic. The circumstances of this aren’t visible, since they don’t appear in facial expressions and the like. To a non-autistic person it seems as if I suddenly panic without cause, but it’s not like that.

Sound makes my ears hurt, and I get tempted to lash out at the person who caused it. Telling someone else to be quiet can lead to arguments and sometimes physical altercations.

If this film can help people understand that external stimuli can suddenly destroy my harmonious internal world, troubles like that might go away.

Standing on one’s own feet

What do you hope people watching ‘A Place Like Home’ will take note of?

Nolte: ‘Only the best for our son’ and ‘A Place Like Home’ are not about autism, they are not one-issue films. These films contain universal themes because I think it is important that many people can identify with the characters.

The films are about the tragedy of being a parent of a disabled child, trying to give them all the love, dedication and care to make them as happy as possible. Kees’s mother has sacrificed her entire life for her son with autism, but her son is incapable of reciprocal love due to his disability. She will be replaced and pushed aside if she no longer meets the requirements of what Kees needs from her.

The tragedy is that the parents are going to die, and then who will take over their care? It will never be the same care the child was used to, so will he or she be able to accept that?

How can someone who was raised by parents who supported him 24/7 become independent? This film presents one possible alternative, and is hopefully of interest especially for those who have children with similar disabilities.

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