The Democracy Monument was erected on 24 June 1939—seven years to the day after the 1932 Siamese Revolution—to commemorate the political event that changed the face of Siam, and later Thailand. Located at the center of Ratchadamnoen Road, which was the most important avenue at the time, the monument was built in reference to a winning design by Poom Malakul (information on websites that state otherwise are simply incorrect). Its production was closely monitored by Italian-born artist, Silpa Bhirasi.
What’s cool about the Democracy Monument are—Dan Brown’s fans, assemble—the meanings that are hidden within its details. Boasting art deco-influenced aesthetics, the monument comprises four standing wings, each one standing 24 meters tall to represent the date of the Siamese Revolution (24 June). The base of each wing reveals elaborate sculptures depicting events that happened at the time. The monument’s centerpiece stands three meters tall, to recall the month of the successful coup (April was the first month in the old Siamese calendar and June was the third) as well as the three pillars of democracy: legislature, executive and judiciary. It has six doors guarded by six swords, reflecting the six principles of Khana Ratsadorn, the political movement that successfully staged the coup against the monarchy. Sitting atop it is a gilded Thai-style tray supporting the constitution. Surrounding the premises are 75 upside-down cannons that reference 2475BE, the year of the revolution.
Fun fact: History magazine, Silpa, reported in an article by historian Mekha Wirunhok that the Democracy Monument was at risk of being torn down after Khana Ratsadorn rule collapsed, to give way for a monument for King Prajadhipok. The demolition never did happen.